Prevalence and Molecular Detection of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children Aged 0-5 Years in Anyigba, Kogi State

Abstract

Abstract

Rotavirus remains a major cause of acute gastroenteritis and associated morbidity and mortality in children under five, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with rotavirus infection among children under five years of age in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of 150 stool samples were collected and analyzed usingColloidal Gold Rapid Diagnostic Test kit, USA and further confirmed by RT-PCR. Of the 150 samples tested, 8 were positive for Rotavirus, with a prevalence rate of 5.3%. Higher prevalence rates were observed among children aged 23 years, female children, and children whose caregivers had lower educational attainment. There was no significant association between age, sex and Educational Status of parents (P> 0.05). Clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and vomiting were frequently reported. None of these symptoms was significantly associated with rotavirus infection (P>0.05). A higher prevalence was seen among hospitalized children. Additionally, increased infection rates were noted in children attending daycare and those exposed to shared items such as toys and books. All positive cases occurred among children whose caregivers lacked prior awareness of rotavirus. The findings underscore the need for improved public health education, enhanced hygiene practices, and broader access to preventive interventions such as vaccination in the study area.