Prevalence and Molecular Detection of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children Aged 0‑5Years in Anyigba, Kogi State

Abstract

Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, especially in low‑ and middle‑income countries. Malnutrition, poor sanitation, and inadequate access to clean water contribute to its persistence and severity. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular detection of rotavirus infection among children under five years in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 150 stool samples were collected from children presenting with diarrhea and screened for rotavirus antigens using a Colloidal Gold Rapid Diagnostic Kit (USA). Positive samples were further confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR). Results: Of the 150 children tested, eight (5.3%) were confirmed positive. The prevalence was slightly higher in females (5.8%) than males (5.0%), with no significant association between sex and infection (???? = 0.83). Children aged 24–36 months recorded the highest prevalence (8.6%), although the association with age was not significant (???? = 0.29). Higher prevalence was observed among children of caregivers with no formal education (6.8%) and those categorized under “others” occupations (8.3%), with no significant association (???? = 0.64). Fever (???? = 0.04) and history of diarrhea (???? = 0.0001) showed significant associations with infection. Conclusion: Rotavirus remains a notable public health concern among children in Anyigba. Strengthened surveillance, increased vaccination coverage, and improved hygiene education are essential to reduce its burden.