Barriers and Facilitators Influencing Utilization of Primary Health Care Services in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study
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Abstract
Background: Primary Health Care (PHC) is central to achieving universal health coverage, yet utilization remains suboptimal in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Understanding contextual barriers and facilitators influencing PHC use is essential for strengthening health systems.
Objective: To explore community and health system factors influencing utilization of primary health care services in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria.
Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional study using focus group discussions and key informant interviews was conducted among community members and healthcare providers. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic content analysis.
Results: Barriers to PHC utilization included distance to facilities, transportation cost, drug stock-outs, inadequate staffing, long waiting time, hidden costs, and negative staff attitude. Facilitators included proximity of facilities, affordability, availability of maternal and child health services, trust in healthcare providers, and community outreach.
Conclusion: PHC utilization is shaped by complex structural and health system factors. Strengthening service accessibility, drug availability, workforce capacity, and community trust is essential to improve utilization.
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