The Influence of Lifestyle Modification on Blood Pressure Control among Women of Childbearing Age in Misau LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a critical global public health issue and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and adverse pregnancy outcomes like pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Lifestyle factors play a significant role in its development and management.

Objective: This study assessed the influence of lifestyle modification practices on blood pressure control among women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in Misau LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Methods: A community-based, descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. A sample of 88 women was selected from Musari community. Data were collected using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographics, knowledge of hypertension, and lifestyle practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with results presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results: The majority of respondents (42%) were aged 26-35 years, and most were married (60.2%) and housewives (54.5%). Over half (56.8%) had secondary education. While 57 (64.8%) of respondents reported not having a prior hypertension diagnosis, 31 (35.2%) reported they had been diagnosed. Alcohol consumption (34.1%) and smoking (27.3%) were the most recognized risk factors. The primary sources of information about hypertension were hospitals (37.5%) and radio/TV (31.8%). Although reducing salt intake (42.0%) and limiting alcohol (35.2%) were the most commonly cited control measures, only 18.2% reported engaging in physical activity for this purpose. Most women (46.6%) only had their blood pressure checked during antenatal care (ANC) visits.

Conclusion: Women in Musari community demonstrate a good awareness of hypertension and its risk factors. However, a significant gap exists between knowledge and the consistent practice of key lifestyle modifications, particularly regular physical activity and routine blood pressure monitoring outside of pregnancy. There is a need for targeted health education campaigns with emphases on the importance of regular physical activity, dietary control, and routine blood pressure checks for all women, regardless of pregnancy status.

Keywords: Lifestyle modification, Hypertension, Blood pressure control, Women of childbearing age, Bauchi.