Child Healthcare Inequalities in Bauchi State: Implications for Nation-Building in Nigeria
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Abstract
Methods: A narrative review of literature published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. A total of 80 published articles were initially identified, of which 20 recent and methodologically relevant studies were selected for final synthesis. The theoretical framework was anchored on the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008) and nation-building theory.
Results: Household economic status emerged as the most significant contributor to child health inequality in Bauchi State, with the poorest families experiencing the highest risk of under-five mortality. Maternal education, geographic disparities (North-East versus South-West), and health system challenges such as cost barriers and workforce shortages further exacerbate these inequities. These avoidable disparities in child health outcomes undermine human capital development, weaken social cohesion along ethnic and geographic lines, and erode trust in the state.
Conclusion: Equitable access to child healthcare is not only a health sector priority but also a fundamental requirement for sustainable nation-building in Nigeria. Addressing structural determinants through coordinated, multisectoral interventions is essential.
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