Spectrum of Urological Procedures in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityTeaching Hospital Bauchi

Abstract

Background: Urologic diseases constitute a significant proportion of the surgical workload in many tertiary hospitals in low‑ and middle‑income countries. Regular audits of urologic procedures are essential for monitoring patterns of disease, workforce capacity, and resource availability. This article aims to determine the spectrum, relative frequencies, and annual trends of urologic procedures performed at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH), Bauchi, from 2019 to 2023. Methods: A 5‑year retrospective review was conducted using data extracted from theatre registers in the main operating theatre, emergency complex, and endourology suite. Variables collected included demographics, diagnosis, procedure type, surgeon cadre, and case category (elective or emergency). Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 24. Ethical approval was obtained before study commencement. Results: A total of 709 urologic procedures were recorded. Males constituted 89.4% of patients. The mean age was 51 years (range: 6
days–99 years). Prostate‑related conditions accounted for 43.9% of all diagnoses, followed by urethral strictures (8%) and stone disease (8.4%). Prostate biopsy was the most common procedure performed (36.3%), while cystoscopy accounted for 19.2% of procedures. Endourologic interventions, such as DVIU (2.1%), laser lithotripsy (0.7%), and TURP (0.4%), were comparatively low. Most surgeries were elective (92.5%), and consultants performed over half of all procedures. Conclusion: Urologic practice at ATBUTH is dominated by prostate‑related diseases, with prostate biopsy being the most frequently performed procedure. The low volume of minimally invasive surgeries underscores the need for improved endourologic capacity.